Containing elements of both Garalde and Didone (Modern) typefaces, Transitional typefaces such as ITC New Baskerville and Caslon are beautifully suited for text because of their regularity and precision. TRANSITIONAL In typography, the 18th century was a time of transition. The distinguishing features of Garalde typefaces are apparent in Adobe Garamond, which has a horizontal bar on the lowercase e, a slightly greater contrast between thick and thin strokes than Venetian types, axis curves that are inclined to the left, and bracketed serifs. They were first designed during the 16th and 17th centuries by such masters as the French printer Claude Garamond and the Venetian printer Aldus Manutius. GARALDE OLDSTYLE Garalde typefaces include some of the most popular serif types in use today. These typefaces originated as book type and still serve that function well because of their clarity and legibility. VENETIAN OLDSTYLE Named after the first roman typefaces that appeared in Venice in 1470, Venetian typefaces were initially designed to imitate the handwriting of Italian Renaissance scholars. Serif typefaces fall into four main categories: Venetian, Garalde, Transitional, and Didone (Modern), as described next. Serif, or roman, types are useful in text because the serifs help distinguish individual letters and lead the eye along a line of type.
Father Edward Catich proposed in his seminal work, The Origin of the Serif, that the serif is an artifact of brushing letters onto stone before cutting them. The serif, or cross-line at the end of a stroke, probably dates from early Rome.
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